Europe · Southern Europe

Spain

Kingdom of Spain · World’s #12 economy

Nominal GDP 2025
$1.91 trillion
Population 2025
49.4 million
GDP per capita
$38,627
GDP growth 2025
2.8%
Flag of Spain

Overview

Official name
Kingdom of Spain
Capital
Madrid
Region
Europe · Southern Europe
Area
505,992 km²
Coordinates
40.00, -4.00
Languages
Spanish
Currency
Euro (EUR €)
Calling code · domain
+34 · .es
ISO codes
ES / ESP
Borders
Andorra France Gibraltar Portugal Morocco

Map

Andorra · $4.50 billion Albania · $30.5 billion Austria · $579 billion Bosnia and Herzegovina · $32.6 billion Belgium · $725 billion Switzerland · $1.04 trillion Czechia · $391 billion Germany · $5.05 trillion Algeria · $287 billion Western Sahara Spain · $1.91 trillion France · $3.37 trillion United Kingdom · $4.00 trillion Guernsey Greece · $281 billion Croatia · $105 billion Hungary · $246 billion Italy · $2.55 trillion Jersey Kosovo Liechtenstein · $8.91 billion Luxembourg · $101 billion Libya · $48.1 billion Morocco · $182 billion Monaco · $11.1 billion Montenegro · $9.23 billion North Macedonia · $19.1 billion Mali · $30.1 billion Mauritania · $11.7 billion Malta · $27.8 billion Niger · $21.6 billion Poland · $1.04 trillion Portugal · $347 billion Romania · $429 billion Serbia · $100.0 billion Slovenia · $79.6 billion Slovakia · $155 billion San Marino · $2.03 billion Chad · $21.5 billion Tunisia · $57.5 billion
Click a neighbouring country to open its profile. Illustrative map; not a statement on borders.

Demographics

Population49.4 million2025
Population growth1.03%2025
Urban population80.5%2025
Population density96.8 people/km²2023
Life expectancy83.9 years2024
Adult literacy99.7%2021

Age structure (2025)

0–14: 12.6%15–64: 65.7%65+: 21.6%

Macroeconomy

Nominal GDP$1.91 trillion2025
Real GDP growth2.8%2025
GDP per capita$38,6272025
GDP per capita (PPP)$57,9652024
GNI (PPP)$2.95 trillion2025
Inflation (CPI)2.7%2025
Unemployment10.4%2025
Industry, % of GDP19.6%2025
Exports, % of GDP36.6%2025
Imports, % of GDP32.8%2025
Merchandise exports$445 billion2025
Merchandise imports$513 billion2025
FDI net inflows$42.8 billion2024

Spain ranks #12 in the world by nominal GDP (2025). Full ranking →

Business environment & logistics (micro)

Logistics Performance Index3.90 / 52022
Import clearance time3.0 days2018
Total tax rate (% of profit)46.9%2017
Land area499,697 km²2023

The Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and import clearance time are published by the World Bank per survey round; total tax rate comes from the discontinued Doing Business data (2020).

Provinces, states & regions (69)

Autonomous community: 17 · Autonomous city in north africa: 2 · Province: 50

Show all 69 subdivisions
  • Andalucía ES-AN
  • Aragón ES-AR
  • Asturias, Principado de ES-AS
  • Canarias ES-CN
  • Cantabria ES-CB
  • Castilla y León ES-CL
  • Castilla-La Mancha ES-CM
  • Catalunya [Cataluña] ES-CT
  • Ceuta ES-CE
  • Euskal Herria ES-PV
  • Extremadura ES-EX
  • Galicia [Galicia] ES-GA
  • Illes Balears [Islas Baleares] ES-IB
  • La Rioja ES-RI
  • Madrid, Comunidad de ES-MD
  • Melilla ES-ML
  • Murcia, Región de ES-MC
  • Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea* ES-NC
  • Valenciana, Comunidad ES-VC
  • Almería ES-AL
  • Cádiz ES-CA
  • Córdoba ES-CO
  • Granada ES-GR
  • Huelva ES-H
  • Jaén ES-J
  • Málaga ES-MA
  • Sevilla ES-SE
  • Huesca ES-HU
  • Teruel ES-TE
  • Zaragoza ES-Z
  • Asturias ES-O
  • Cantabria ES-S
  • Burgos ES-BU
  • León ES-LE
  • Palencia ES-P
  • Salamanca ES-SA
  • Segovia ES-SG
  • Soria ES-SO
  • Valladolid ES-VA
  • Zamora ES-ZA
  • Ávila ES-AV
  • Albacete ES-AB
  • Ciudad Real ES-CR
  • Cuenca ES-CU
  • Guadalajara ES-GU
  • Toledo ES-TO
  • Las Palmas ES-GC
  • Santa Cruz de Tenerife ES-TF
  • Barcelona [Barcelona] ES-B
  • Girona [Gerona] ES-GI
  • Lleida [Lérida] ES-L
  • Tarragona [Tarragona] ES-T
  • Badajoz ES-BA
  • Cáceres ES-CC
  • A Coruña [La Coruña] ES-C
  • Lugo [Lugo] ES-LU
  • Ourense [Orense] ES-OR
  • Pontevedra [Pontevedra] ES-PO
  • Illes Balears [Islas Baleares] ES-PM
  • Murcia ES-MU
  • Madrid ES-M
  • Nafarroa* ES-NA
  • Araba* ES-VI
  • Bizkaia ES-BI
  • Gipuzkoa ES-SS
  • La Rioja ES-LO
  • Alacant* ES-A
  • Castelló* ES-CS
  • Valencia ES-V

Source: ISO 3166-2 (Debian iso-codes)

Seaports & logistics

PortHarbour sizeHarbour typeCargo pier depthTEU
Valencia ESVLCMediumcoastal (breakwater)17.1 m5.48 m TEU
Algeciras ESALGSmallcoastal (breakwater)23.2 m4.71 m TEU
Las Palmas ESLPALargecoastal (breakwater)21.6 m—
Tarragona ESTARLargecoastal (breakwater)20.1 m—
Barcelona ESBCNLargecoastal (breakwater)15.5 m—
Vigo ESVGOMediumcoastal (breakwater)23.2 m—
Puerto De Bilbao ESBIOMediumcoastal (breakwater)20.1 m—
Palma De Mallorca ESPMIMediumcoastal (breakwater)18.6 m—
Santa Cruz De Tenerife ESSCTMediumcoastal (breakwater)18.6 m—
Malaga ESAGPMediumcoastal (breakwater)17.1 m—
Alicante ESALCMediumcoastal (breakwater)14.0 m—
Cadiz ESCADMediumcoastal (breakwater)14.0 m—

52 ports of this country in the World Port Index, ranked by scale (container throughput, harbour size, depth).

All 52 ports →

International shipping →

FTAs & trade blocs

Vietnam and Spain share 1 FTA(s) – goods meeting the rules of origin enjoy preferential duties:

Bloc membership

Membership compiled as of October 2026 (full members); check each bloc’s official site for legal precision.

Trade agreements in force (57)

Spain is party to 57 regional/bilateral trade agreements in force (per the WTO). Agreements with a “Preferential rates” button are FTAs that Vietnam is also party to.

AgreementType / coverageIn forcePartners
EU - Chile FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Feb 2025 ChileAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Kenya FTA
Goods
1 Jul 2024 KenyaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - New Zealand FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 May 2024 New ZealandAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - United Kingdom FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Jan 2021 United KingdomAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Viet Nam Preferential rates FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Aug 2020 VietnamAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Pacific States - Accession of Solomon Islands FTA
Goods
17 May 2020 Solomon IslandsFijiPapua New GuineaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmark +19
EU - Singapore FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
21 Nov 2019 SingaporeAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Eastern and Southern Africa States - Accession of Comoros FTA
Goods
7 Feb 2019 ComorosMadagascarMauritiusSeychellesZimbabweAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprus +21
EU - Japan FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Feb 2019 JapanAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Pacific States - Accession of Samoa FTA
Goods
31 Dec 2018 FijiPapua New GuineaSamoaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmark +19
EU - Armenia EIA
Services
1 Jun 2018 ArmeniaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Canada FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
21 Sep 2017 CanadaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Colombia and Peru - Accession of Ecuador FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Jan 2017 ColombiaEcuadorPeruAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmark +19
EU - Ghana FTA
Goods
15 Dec 2016 GhanaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - SADC FTA
Goods
10 Oct 2016 BotswanaLesothoMozambiqueNamibiaSouth AfricaEswatiniAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatia +22
EU - Côte d'Ivoire FTA
Goods
3 Sep 2016 Ivory CoastAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Georgia FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Sep 2014 GeorgiaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Moldova, Republic of FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Sep 2014 MoldovaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Cameroon FTA
Goods
4 Aug 2014 CameroonAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Ukraine FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
23 Apr 2014 UkraineAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Central America FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Aug 2013 Costa RicaEl SalvadorGuatemalaHondurasNicaraguaPanamaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatia +22
EU (28) Enlargement CU & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Jul 2013 AustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFrance +16
EU - Colombia, Ecuador and Peru FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Mar 2013 ColombiaEcuadorPeruAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmark +19
EU - Eastern and Southern Africa States FTA
Goods
14 May 2012 ComorosMadagascarMauritiusSeychellesZimbabweAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprus +21
EU - Korea, Republic of FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Jul 2011 South KoreaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Serbia FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Feb 2010 SerbiaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Pacific States FTA
Goods
20 Dec 2009 Solomon IslandsFijiPapua New GuineaSamoaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechia +20
EU - CARIFORUM States In force for some parties FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
29 Dec 2008 Antigua and BarbudaBahamasBarbadosBelizeDominicaDominican RepublicGrenadaGuyanaHaitiJamaica +31
EU - Bosnia and Herzegovina FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Jul 2008 Bosnia and HerzegovinaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Montenegro FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Jan 2008 MontenegroAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EC (27) Enlargement CU & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Jan 2007 AustriaBelgiumBulgariaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermany +15
EU - Albania FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Dec 2006 AlbaniaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Algeria FTA
Goods
1 Sep 2005 AlgeriaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Egypt FTA
Goods
1 Jun 2004 EgyptAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EC (25) Enlargement CU & EIA
Goods & Services
1 May 2004 AustriaBelgiumCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreece +13
EU - Lebanon FTA
Goods
1 Mar 2003 LebanonAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Jordan FTA
Goods
1 May 2002 JordanAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - San Marino CU
Goods
1 Apr 2002 San MarinoAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - North Macedonia FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Jun 2001 North MacedoniaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Mexico FTA & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Jul 2000 MexicoAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Israel FTA
Goods
1 Jun 2000 IsraelAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Morocco FTA
Goods
1 Mar 2000 MoroccoAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - South Africa FTA
Goods
1 Jan 2000 South AfricaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Tunisia FTA
Goods
1 Mar 1998 TunisiaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Palestine FTA
Goods
1 Jul 1997 PalestineAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Faroe Islands FTA
Goods
1 Jan 1997 Faroe IslandsAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Türkiye CU
Goods
1 Jan 1996 TürkiyeAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EC (15) Enlargement CU & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Jan 1995 AustriaBelgiumDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceIrelandItalyLuxembourg +3
European Economic Area (EEA) EIA
Services
1 Jan 1994 IcelandLiechtensteinNorwayAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmark +19
EU - Andorra CU
Goods
1 Jul 1991 AndorraAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EC (12) Enlargement CU
Goods
1 Jan 1986 BelgiumDenmarkFranceGermanyGreeceIrelandItalyLuxembourgNetherlandsPortugal
EU - Syrian Arab Republic FTA
Goods
1 Jul 1977 SyriaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Norway FTA
Goods
1 Jul 1973 NorwayAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Iceland FTA
Goods
1 Apr 1973 IcelandAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinland +17
EU - Switzerland - Liechtenstein FTA
Goods
1 Jan 1973 LiechtensteinSwitzerlandAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstonia +18
EU – Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) FTA
Goods
1 Jan 1971 BermudaBritish Indian Ocean TerritoryBritish Virgin IslandsCayman IslandsFalkland IslandsGSFrench PolynesiaTFGreenlandMontserrat +37
EU Treaty CU & EIA
Goods & Services
1 Jan 1958 AustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFrance +16

Source: WTO Regional Trade Agreements Database (retrieved 14 Oct 2026) plus additional agreements maintained by the administrator. Lists agreements notified to the WTO and in force.

Import regulations

  • Customs union: common tariff (TARIC); Vietnamese goods get EVFTA preferences with valid proof of origin (REX / EUR.1).
  • CBAM: definitive period from 1 Jan 2026 for iron and steel (chapter 72, headings 7301–7311, 7318, 7326), aluminium, cement, fertilisers, electricity, hydrogen – importers must be authorised CBAM declarants and report embedded emissions; Vietnamese producers should supply actual emission data.
  • Structural steel components need CE marking to EN 1090-1 (execution to EN 1090-2) and ISO 3834 certification.
  • Steel imports are subject to tariff-rate quotas (the steel safeguard expired on 30 Jun 2026; the EU proposed a successor regime with higher out-of-quota duties) – check the current status on Access2Markets.

Hải quan EU (Liên minh thuế quan) / EU customs union ↗ Tariff lookup ↗

Look up the importing country's duties, technical rules and procedures on the Global Trade Helpdesk (ITC/UNCTAD/WTO), Market Access Map (ITC) and WTO Tariff & Trade Data. Check Vietnam's FTAs with the importing country for preferential rates with valid proof of origin.

Global Trade Helpdesk ↗Market Access Map ↗WTO Tariff & Trade Data ↗

Sourcing from Vietnam

Buyers in Spain can find Vietnamese suppliers by industry, in the factory directory and at international exhibitions in Vietnam:

Steel & steel structure manufacturing →International exhibitions in VietnamContact Vietnam duties on goods from Spain

Data: World Bank WDI (CC BY 4.0); mledoze/world-countries (ODbL); i18n-iso-countries (MIT); ISO 3166-2 – Debian iso-codes (LGPL); NGA World Port Index 2019; map @svg-maps/world (CC BY 4.0); flags flag-icons (MIT). For reference only.